•Basaltic Volcanism Study Project, 1981, Basaltic volcanism on the terrestrial planets, Pergamon Press, Inc., New York, 1286 pp.

•Behrendt, J.C., Green, A.G., Cannon, W.F., Hutchinson, D.R., Lee, M.W., Milkereit, B., Agena, W.F., and Spencer, C., 1988, Crustal structure of the Midcontinent Rift system: Results from the GLIMPCE deep seismic reflection profiles, Geology, v. 16, pp. 81–85.

•Bondre, N.R., Duraiswami, R.A., and Dole, G., 2004, Morphology and emplacement of flows from the Deccan Volcanic Province, Bull. Volcanol., v. 66, pp 29–45.

•Bornhorst, T.J., 1997, Tectonic context of native copper deposits of the North American Midcontinent Rift System, in Ojakangas, R.W., Dickas, A.B., and Green, J.C., eds., Middle Proterozoic to Cambrian rifting, central North America, Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper, v. 312, pp. 127–136, doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2312-4.127.

•Bornhorst, T.J., Paces, J.B., Grant, N.K., Obradovich, J.D., and Huber, N.K., 1988, Age of native copper mineralization, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol., 83, pp. 619–625, doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.83.3.619.

•Bornhorst, T.J. and Brandt, D., 2009, Michigan’s earliest geology: The Precambrian, in Schaetzl, R., Darden, J., and Brandt, D., eds., Michigan Geography and Geology, Pearson Custom Publishing, New York, pp. 24–39.

•Bornhorst, T.J.  and Lankton, L.D., 2009, Copper mining: A billion years of geologic and human history, in Schaetzl, R., Darden, J., and Brandt, D., eds., Michigan Geography and Geology, Pearson Custom Publishing, New York, pp. 150–173.

•Bornhorst, T.J. and Barron, R., 2011, Copper deposits of the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Geol. Soc. Am. Field Guide 24, pp. 83-99.

•Brannon, J.C., 1984, Geochemistry of successive lava flows of the Keweenawan North Shore Volcanic Group, Ph.D. dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 312 pp.

•Bresson, D., 2011, Large Igneous Provinces and mass extinctions, Sci. Am., September 16, 2011. (http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/history-of-geology/2011/09/16/large-igneous-provinces-and-mass-extinctions/)

•Broderick, T.M., 1935, Differentiation in lavas of the Michigan Keweenawan, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 46, pp. 503-58.

•Broderick, T.M., Hohl, C.D., and Eidemiller, H.N., 1946, Recent contributions to the geology of the Michigan copper district, Economic Geology, v. 41, pp. 675-725.

•Brown, A.C., 2006, Genesis of native copper lodes in the Keweenaw district, northern Michigan: A hybrid evolved meteoric and metamorphogenic model, Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol., v. 101, pp. 1437–1444.

•Butler, B.S. and Burbank, W.S., 1929, The copper deposits of Michigan, USGS Prof. Pap., 144, 238 pp.

•Cannon, W.F., 1994, Closing of the Midcontinent Rift: a far-field effect of Grenvillian compression, Geology, v. 22, pp. 155-158, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0155:COTMRA>2.3.CO;2.

•Cannon, W.F. et al., 1989, The North American Midcontinent Rift beneath Lake Superior from GLIMPCE seismic reflection profiling, Tectonics, v. 8, pp. 305-332.

•Cannon, W.F., Peterman, Z.E., and Sims, P.K., 1993, Crustal-scale thrusting and origin of the Montreal River monocline—A 35-km-thick cross section of the Midcontinent Rift in northern Michigan and Wisconsin, Tectonics, v. 12, pp. 728–744, doi:10.1029/93TC00204.

•Cannon, W.F. and Phillips, B.A.M., 2007, Geologic and cultural history of the Grand Portage National Monument [field trip 2], Institute on Lake Superior Geol., Annual Meeting, Lutsen, MN, Part 2 – Field Trip Guidebook, v. 53, pages 24-52.

•Carmichael, I.S.E., Turner, F.J., and Verhoogen, J., 1974, Igneous Petrology, McGraw-Hill, New York. 550 pp.

•Clark, J.A, Hendriks, M., Timmermans, T.J., Struck, C., and Hilverda, K.J., 1994, Glacial isostatic deformation of the Great Lakes region, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 106, pp. 19-31.

•Cornwall, H.R., 1951, Differentiation in lavas of the Keweenawan series and the origin of the copper deposits of Michigan, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 62, pp. 159-202.

•Crisp, J. and Baloga, S., 1994, The influence of crystallization and entrainment of cooler material on the emplacement of basaltic aa lava flows, J. Geophys. Res., v. 99, pp. 11819-11831.

•Davis, D.W. and Paces, J.B., 1990, Time resolution of geologic events on the Keweenaw Peninsula and implications for development of the Midcontinent Rift system, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 97, pp. 54–64, doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(90)90098-I.

•Davis, D.W. and Green, J.C., 1997, Geochronology of the North American Midcontinent Rift in western Lake Superior and implication for its geodynamic evolution, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 35, pp. 476-488.

•DeGraff, J.M., Long, P.E., and Aydin, A., 1989, Use of joint-growth directions and rock textures to infer thermal regimes during solidification of basaltic lava flows, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 38, pp. 309-324.

•DeGraff, J.M. and Aydin, A., 1993, Effect of thermal regime on growth increment and spacing of contraction joints in basaltic lava, J. Geophys. Res., v. 98, pp. 6411-6430.

•Ding, X., Ripley, E.M., Shirey, S.B., and Li, C., 2012, Os, Nd, O, and S isotopic constraints on country rock contamination in the conduit-related Eagle Cu-Ni-(PGE) deposit, Midcontinent Rift system, Upper Michigan, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, v. 89, pp. 10-30.

•Elmore, R.D., 1984, The Copper Harbor Conglomerate: A late Precambrian fining-upward alluvial fan sequence in northern Michigan, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 95, pp. 610–617, doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<610:TCHCAL>2.0.CO;2.

•Elmore, R.D., Milavec, G.J., Imbus, S.W., and Engel, M.H., 1989, The Precambrian Nonesuch Formation of the North American Mid-Continent Rift, sedimentology and organic geochemical aspects of lacustrine deposition, Precambrian Res., v. 43, pp. 191–213, doi:10.1016/0301-9268(89)90056-9.

•Foster, J.W. and Whitney, J.D., 1851, Report on the geology of the Lake Superior land district, A.B. Hamilton, Washington, DC, 400 pp.

•Goff, F.E., 1977, Vesicle cylinders in vapor-differentiated basalt flows, Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 83 pp.

•Goff, F. E., 1996, Vesicle cylinders in vapor-differentiated basalt flows, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 71, pp. 167-185.

•Goodge, J.W., Vervoort, J.D., Fanning, C.M., Brecke, D.M., Farmer, G.L., Williams, I.S., Myrow, P.M., and DePaolo, D.J., 2008, A Positive Test of East Antarctica-Laurentia Juxtaposition Within the Rodinia Supercontinent, Science, v. 321, pp. 235-240. [PDF]

•Grand Portage National Monument, 1986, Grand Portage, National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, GPO: 1986--491-414/20056.

•Green, J.C., 1982, Geology of Keweenawan extrusive rocks, Geo. Soc. Am. Mem., v. 156, pp. 47-55.

•Green, J.C., 1989, Physical volcanology of mid-proterozoic plateau lavas: the Keweenawan North Shore Volcanic Group, Minnesota, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 101, pp. 486-500.

•Halls, H.C. and Pesonen, L.J., 1982, Paleomagnetism of Keweenawan rocks, in Wold, R.J. and Hinze, W.J. (eds.), Geology and Tectonics of the Lake Superior Basin, Geo. Soc. Am. Mem., v. 156, pp. 173-201.

•Hellawell, A., Sarazin, J.R., and Steube, R.S., 1993, Channel convection in partly solidified systems, Philos. Trans. R. Soc., Lond., A, v. 345, pp. 507-544.

•Hjartarson A., 1988, The great Thjorsa lava: Earth's largest Holocene lava flow, Natturufraedingurinn, v. 58, pp.1–16.

•Holm, D.K., Schneider, D.A., Rose, S., Mancuso, C., McKenzie, M., Foland, K.A., and Hodges, K.V., 2007, Proterozoic metamorphism and cooling in the southern Lake Superior region, North America and its bearing on crustal evolution, Precambrian Res., v. 157, pp. 106–126.

•Hon, K., Kauahikaua, J., Denlinger, R., and Mackay, K., 1994, Emplacement and inflation of pahoehoe sheet flows; observations and measurements of active lava flows on Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 106(3), pp. 351–370.

•Huber, N.K., 1969, Pink copper-bearing prehnite from Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USGS Prof Pap., No. 650-D, pp. D 63-68.

•Huber, N.K., 1973, Geologic map of Isle Royale National Park, Keweenaw County, Michigan, USGS Map, No. I-796.

•Huber, N.K., 1973a, The Portage Lake Volcanics (middle Keweenawan) on Isle Royale, Michigan, USGS Prof Pap., No. 754-C, 32 pp.

•Huber, N.K, 1973b, Glacial and postglacial geologic history of Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, USGS Prof Pap., No. 754-A, 15 pp.

•Huber, N.K., 1983, The Geologic Story of Isle Royale National Park, USGS. Bull., No. 1309, 66 pp.

•Jerram, D.A. and Widdowson, M., 2005, The anatomy of continental flood basalt provinces: geological constraints on the processes and products of flood basalt volcanism, Lithos, v. 79 (3–4), pp. 385–405.

•Jolly, W.T., 1974, Behavior of Cu, Zn, and Ni during prehnite-pumpellyite rank metamorphism of the Keweenawan basalts, northern Michigan, Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol., v. 69, pp. 1118–1125.

•Karlstrom, K.E., Harlan, S.S., Williams, M.L., McLelland, J., Geissman, J.W., and Ahaell, K., 1999, Refining Rodinia: Geologic Evidence for the Australia Western U.S. (AUSWUS) connection for Proterozoic Supercontinent Reconstructions, GSA Today, v. 9 (10), pp. 1-7.

•Katterhorn, S.A. and Schaefer, C.J., 2008, Thermal–mechanical modeling of cooling history and fracture development in inflationary basalt lava flows, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 170, pp. 181–197.

•Kern, A.N., Kulakov, E.V., Smirnov, A.V., Diehl, J.F., and Chamberlain, K., 2012, Paleomagnetism of the Coldwell Complex (Ontario, Canada): New data and new insights, American Geophysical Union Fall meeting, abstract GP21A-1131.

•Keszthelyi, L. and Self, S., 1998, Some physical requirements for the emplacement of long basaltic lava flows, J. Geophys. Res., v. 103(B11), pp. 27447–27464, doi: 10.1029/98JB00606.

•Kilburn, C.R.J. and Luongo, G., 1993, Active lavas - monitoring and modelling, UCL Press, London, 384 pp.

•Klewin, K.W. and Shirey, S.B., 1992, The igneous petrology and magmatic evolution of the Midcontinent Rift system, Tectonophysics, v. 213, pp. 33-40.

•Lacroix, A., 1928, Les pegmatitoides des roches volcaniques a facies basaltiques, Acad. Sci. [Paris] Comptes Rendus, v. 187, pp. 321-326.

•Lacroix, A., 1929, Les pegmatitoides des roches volcaniques a facies basaltiques: a propos de celles du Wei-Tchang, Bull. Geol. Soc. China, v. 8, pp. 45-49, doi: 10.1111/j.1755-6724.1929.mp8001005.x.

•Lane, A.C., 1893, Geological report on Isle Royale, Michigan, Geol. Surv. of Michigan, v. 6., pp. 1-265.

•Lane, A.C., 1911, The Keweenaw series of Michigan, Michigan Geol. and Biol. Surv. Pub. 6, Geol. Ser. 4, v. 2, 983 pp.

•Lane, A.C. and Seaman, A.E., 1907, Notes on the geological section of Michigan, Part 1. The pre-Ordovician, J. Geol., v. 15, pp. 680-695.

•Lindsley, D.H., Smith, D., and Haggerty, S.E., 1971, Petrography and mineral chemistry of a differentiated flow of Picture Gorge Basalt near Spray, Oregon, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, Yearbook 69, pp. 264-285.

•Lofgren, G.E., 1980, Experimental studies on the dynamic crystallization of silicate melts, in Hargraves, R.B., ed., Physics of Magmatic Processes, Princeton Univ. Press, Princeton, NJ, pp. 487-551.

•Long, P.E. and Wood, B.J., 1986, Structures, textures and cooling histories of Columbia River basalt flows, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 97(9), pp. 1144-1155.

•Longo, A.A., 1984, A correlation for a middle Keweenawan flood basalt: the Greenstone flow, Isle Royale and Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, M.S. thesis, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 198 pp.

•Mangan, M.T. and Marsh, B.D., 1992, Solidification front fractionation in phenocryst -free sheet-like magma bodies, J. Geol., v. 100, p. 605-620.

•Marsh, B.D., Gunnarsson, B., Congdon, R., and Carmody, R., 1991, Hawaiian basalt and Icelandic rhyolite: indicators of differentiation and partial melting, Geol. Rundsch., v. 80(2), pp. 481-510.

•McKee, B. and Stradling, D., 1970, The sag flowout: a newly described volcanic structure, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 81, pp. 2035-2044.

•Merk, G.P. and Jirsa, M.A., 1982, Provenance and tectonic significance of the Keweenawan interflow sedimentary rocks, Geol. Soc. Am. Mem., v. 156, pp. 97-105.

•Nevanlinna, H. and Pesonen L.J., 1983, Late Precambrian Keweenawan asymmetric polarities as analyzed by axial offset dipole geomagnetic models, J. Geophys. Res., v. 88, pp. 645–658.

•Nicholson, S.W. and Shirey, S.B., 1990, Midcontinent Rift volcanism in the Lake Superior region; Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic evidence for a mantle plume origin, J. Geophys. Res., v. 95, pp. 10851-10868, doi: 10.1029/JB095iB07p10851.

•Nicholson, S.W., Shirey, S.B., Schulz, K.J., and Green, J.C., 1997, Rift-wide correlation of 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift System basalts; implications for multiple mantle sources during rift development, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 34, p. 504-520.

•Ojakangas, R.W., Morey, G.B., and Green J.C., 2001, The Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift system, Lake Superior region, USA, Sediment. Geol., v. 141-142, pp. 421-442.

•Ojakangas, R.W., Morey, G.B., and Southwick, D.L., 2001, Paleoproterozoic basin development and sedimentation in the Lake Superior region, North America: Sediment. Geol., v. 141–142, pp. 319–341, doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00081-1.

•Paces, J.B., 1988, Magmatic processes, evolution and mantle source characteristics contributing to the petrogenesis of Midcontinent Rift basalts: Portage Lake Volcanics, Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan, Ph.D. Dissertation, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 413 pp.

•Paces, J.B. and Miller, J. D., Jr., 1993, Precise U-Pb ages of Duluth complex and related mafic intrusions, northeastern Minnesota: geochronological insights to physical, petrogenetic, paleomagnetic, and tectonomagmatic processes associated with the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift system, J. Geophys. Res., v. 98, pp.13997-14013.

•Palmer, H.C., 1970, Paleomagnetism and correlation of some Middle Keweenawan rocks, Lake Superior, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 7, pp. 1410-1436, doi: 10.1139/e70-136.

•Pesonen L.J. and Nevanlinna, H., 1981, Late Precambrian Keweenawan asymmetric reversals, Nature, v. 294, pp. 436-439.

•Pesonen, L. J. and Halls, H.C., 1983, Geomagnetic field intensity and reversal asymmetry in late Precambrian Keweenawan rocks, Geophys. J. R. Astr. Soc., v. 73, pp. 241-270, doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1983.tb03816.x.

•Pinkerton, H. and Wilson, L., 1994, Factors controlling the length of channel-fed flows, Bull. Volcanol., v. 56, pp. 108-120.

•Rakestraw, L., 1965, Historic mining on Isle Royale, reprinted in Borealis Isle Royale, Natural History Association, Houghton, MI.

•Robertson, J.M., 1975, Geology and mineralogy of some copper sulfide deposits near Mount Bohemia, Keweenaw County, Michigan, Econ. Geol. Bull. Soc. Econ. Geol., v. 70, pp. 1202–1224.

•Robertson, W.A. and Fahrig, W.F., 1971, The great Logan paleomagnetic loop-.the polar wandering path from the Canadian Shield rocks during the Neohelikian Era, Can. J. Earth Sci., v. 8, pp. 1355-1372.

•Rogan W., Blake, S., and Smith, I., 1996, In situ chemical fractionation in thin basaltic lava flows: examples from the Auckland volcanic field, New Zealand, and a general physical model, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 74, pp. 89-99.

•Ross P.S., Ukstins Peate, I., McClintock, M.K., Xu, Y.G., Skilling, I.P., White, J.D.L., and Houghton, B.F., 2005, Mafic volcaniclastic deposits in flood basalt provinces: a review, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., v. 145, pp. 281–314.

•Santin, S.F., 1969, Pegmatitoides in the horizontal basalts of the Lanzarote and Fuerteventura Islands, Series I, Bull. Volcanol., v. 33, pp. 989-1007.

•Schmidt, P.W. and Williams G.E., 2003, Reversal asymmetry in Mesoproterozoic overprinting of the 1.88-Ga Gunflint Formation, Ontario, Canada: non-dipole effects or apparent polar wander?, Tectonophysics, v. 377, pp. 7–32.

•Schmidt, S.T. and Robinson, D. 1997, Metamorphic grade and porosity and permeability controls on mafic phyllosilicate distributions in a regional zeolite to greenschist facies transition of the North Shore Volcanic Group, Minnesota. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v. 109, pp. 683-697.

•Schneider, D.A., Holm, D.K., O’Boyle, C., Hamilton, M., and Jercinovic, M., 2004, Paleoproterozoic development of a gneiss dome corridor in the southern Lake Superior region, U.S.A., in Whitney, D.L., Teyssier, C., and Siddoway, C.S. (eds), Gneiss domes in orogeny, Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper 380, pp. 339-357.

•Seaman, A.E. and Seaman, W.A., 1944, Geological column Lake Superior region in general, Michigan Geol. Surv. Div., Progress Report No. 10.

•Self, S., Keszthelyi, L., and Thordarson, T., 1998, The importance of pahoehoe, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., v. 26, pp. 81–110.

•Stoiber, R.E. and Davidson, E.S., 1959, Amygdule mineral zoning in the Portage Lake Lava Series, Michigan copper district, Economic Geology, v. 54, pp. 1250–1277, 1444–1460.

•Swanson, D.A., Wright, T.L., and Helz, R.T., 1975, Linear vent systems and estimated rates of magma production and eruption for the Yakima basalt on the Columbia plateau, Am. J. Sci., v. 275, pp. 877-905.

•Thordarson, T. and Self, S., 1998, The Roza Member, Columbia River Basalt Group: A gigantic pahoehoe lava flow field formed by endogenous processes?, J. Geophys. Res., v. 103(B11), 27411–27445, doi:10.1029/98JB01355.

•Tomkeieff, S.I., 1940, The basalt lavas of Giants Causeway district of Northern Ireland, Bull. Volcanol., v. 6, pp. 90-143.

•Trubitsin, V., Kaban, M., and Rothacher, M., 2008, Mechanical and thermal effects of floating continents on the global mantle convection, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., v. 171, pp. 313-322, doi: 10.1016/j.pepi.2008.03.011.

•Van Hise, C.R. and Leith, C.K., 1911, The geology of the Lake Superior region, Mon. U.S. Geol. Survey, No. 52, 641 pp.

•Walker, G.P.L., 1987, Pipe vesicles in Hawaiian basaltic lavas: their origin and potential paleoslope indicators, Geology, v. 15, pp. 84-87.

•White, W.S., 1952, Imbrication and initial dip in a Keweenawan conglomerate bed, J. Sediment. Petrol., v. 22, pp. 189-199.

•White, W.S., 1960, The Keweenawan lavas of Lake Superior: an example of flood basalts, Am. J. Sci., v. 258-A, pp. 367-374.

•White, W.S., 1971, Geologic setting of the Michigan copper district, in Guidebook for Field Conference, Michigan Copper District, Sept. 30 - Oct. 2, (ed. W.S. White), Soc. Econ. Geologists, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, pp. 3-17.

•Whitmeyer S. J. and Karlstrom, K.E., 2007, Tectonic model for the Proterozoic growth of North America, Geosphere, v. 3; pp. 220-259, doi:10.1130/GES00055.1.

•Witthuhn-Rolf, K.M., 1997, A structural analysis of the Midcontinent Rift in Michigan and Minnesota, Geol. Soc. Am. Special Paper, v. 312, pp. 97-113, doi: 10.1130/0-8137-2312-4.97.

•Wolff, R.G. and Huber, N.K., 1973, The Copper Harbor Conglomerate (middle Keweenawan) on Isle Royale, Michigan, and its regional implications, USGS Prof Pap., No. 754-B, 15 pp.

•Worster, M.G., Huppert, H.E., and Sparks, R.S.J., 1993, The crystallization of lava lakes, J. Geophys. Res., v. 98, pp. 15891-15901, doi: 10.1029/93JB01428. issn: 0148-0227.