Instability of a volcanic edifice
l Collapse-induced factors
l Magmatic Intrusion
l High hydrotermal alteration
l Intense fracturing and dike´s distribution
l Buttress effect
on paired volcanoes
l Orientation of the sloping substrate
l Pore pressure gradient (water
saturation)
l Load from ice and associated fracturing
l Erosion of supporting steep slopes
l Concentric distribution of domes and
fractures