Activity of Vesuvio between 1631 and 1944

by Roberto Scandone, Terza Università di Roma (after Scandone et al. 1993)

Localities mentioned in the text can be found on the topo map (240 kb gif image)

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BEGIN (d-m-y)	END (d-m-y)	Length (days)	Type-Volume	VEI	VOLCANOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS
15 Dec1631	2 Jan1632	18	(1631) explosive volume =~0.2 km^3	4	The eruption occurs after 150 years of quiescence. Height of eruptive cloud is approximately 30 miles. Pyroclastic flows and lahars destroy many villages. Earthquakes and a tsunami accompany the collapse of the crater. It loses at least 168 m, maybe as much as 400 m, of its height. About 4000 casualties. It is the most violent and devastating eruption of Vesuvius in the last 1000 years
3 Jan1632	30 Jun1637	2005	R		Troili, in 1637, reports fire on Vesuvius.
1 Jul 1637	27 Nov 1649	4532	A?		Kircher reports an image with the cone smoking, in 1638
28 Nov 1649	10 Mar 1650	102	IE explosive	2	Ash clouds toward Naples during Dec 1649 and Jan 1650, intense on 15 Jan, 15 Feb and 9-10 Mar 1650.
11 Mar 1650	31 Dec 1652	1026	A?		Activity and lahars on 14 Sep 1650. Ash and smoke during Feb, Mar and May 1652; smoke in Nov and Dec.
1 Jan 1653	24 Feb 1654	419	R
25 Feb 1654	1 Mar 1654	4	IE explosive		Emission of ash intense during Mar 1654 (Viola in Alfano - Friedlander)
2 Mar 1654	2 Jul 1660	2314	A?
3 Jul 1660	29 Jul 1660	26	IE explosive effusive?	3	Ash and scoria emission to 300 steps from three vents within the crater. Lightning and rumblings in the cloud. The cloud is about 2 miles high. Damages in Resina, Torre Annunziata, Torre del Greco. On 6-7 glowing avalanches on the cone. (Lava flow?). In 1663, the cone had a circumference of 4,75 km
30 Jul 1660	25 Mar 1680	7178	A?		Strombolian activity in 1670 (Sorrentino)
26 Mar 1680	28 Mar 1680	2	FE (1680) explosive	2?	Ash fall on Ottaviano and Somma
29 Mar 1680	11 Aug 1682	865	R
12 Aug 1682	22 Aug 1682	10	FE (1682) explosive	3	Seismic activity since the beginning of Aug. On 12 Aug, volcanic cloud with electric discharge. Ashes on Torre del Greco and Ottaviano. On 21 Aug increasing violence and ashes on Nocera, Pagani, Cava, S. Sebastiano. Lava within the crater. 1 casualty in Torre Annunziata, 3 in Castellamare
23 Aug 1682	2 Oct 1685	1136	R		"not even smoke" (Sorrentino)
3 Oct 1685	10 Oct 1685	7	IE explosive	2?	On 3 Oct 1685, volcanic cloud, ash and scoriae on the cone.
11 Oct 1685	8 Dec 1689	1519	A
9 Dec 1689	16 Dec 1689	7	IE explosive	2	Similar to 1685. Emission of scoriae. Strong seismic activity. Uncertain duration.
17 Dec 1689	12 Apr 1694	1577	A		In 1690, the crater is filled with lava and is in Strombolian activity (Bottoni)
13 Apr 1694	29 Apr 1694	16	FE (1694) effusive-explosive	3	Earthquakes in Mar. On 12 Mar, lithics and ashes to Benevento. Earthquakes in Torre del Greco. On 5 Apr, explosions and collapse of the conelet. On 6 Apr, incandescent scoriae within the crater, 13 Apr, lava flow to the Salvatore. The lava is 5 palms high and 15 wide. Two branches toward Pietrabianca and S. Giorgio. It halts after 15 days.
30 Apr 1694	30 Jul 1696	822	R
31 Jul 1696	14 Aug 1696	14	IE effusive	2	Since 31 Jul, explosions and earthquakes till 4 Aug, when a lava flow occurs lasting 10 days (Della Torre) on top of the 1694 flow (Sorrentino).
15 Aug 1696	14 Sep 1697	395	R		Quiescence until Sep 1697 (Sorrentino)
15 Sep 1697	9 Jan 1698	116	IE effusive	2	On 15 Sep, activity and earthquakes. On 18 Sep at 2200, lava flow toward Torre del Greco from three fractures on the cone. On 19 Sep, new lava flows toward Torre del Greco. On 20 Sep, lava in Fosso dei Cervi and Fosso Bianco. On 26 Sep, the lava stops 1 km from Torre del Greco. On 15, 20, 26 and 30 Nov: lava flows (Sorrentino)
10 Jan 1698	18 May 1698	128	A		smoking (Sorrentino)
19 May 1698	15 Jul 1698	57	FE (1698) effusive-explosive	3	On 14 May, retreat of the sea for 5 times. On the 19th, earthquakes and rumblings. On 25 May, lava flow toward Resina. On 28 May, fracture on the SW side of the crater, lava toward Fossobianco and Tagliapietra (toward Torre del Greco). The lava halts on 2-6 at 2 km from Torre del Greco. Explosions until 7 Jul (damage by lahars in Capri, Sorrento, Castellammare, Gragnano). Since 8 and 10 Jun, new explosions; on 15 Jun high volcanic clouds. (Sorrentino)
16 Jul 1698	30 Jun 1701	1079	R
1 Jul 1701	15 Jul 1701	14	IE effusive explosive	2	Fracture on the E base of the conelet and lava toward Ottavaiano and Viulo (15 palms high, 50 steps wide); On 4 Jul, the flows end. Increase on 5 and 6 Jul. White ash at the end of the eruption. (Sorrentino)
16 Jul 1701	18 May1704	1037	A
19 May 1704	23 May 1704	4	IE explosive	1	On 19 May, smoke and fires. On the 20th, lava fountains 2 miles high; on 21-22 May, Strombolian activity.
24 May 1704	19 Jul 1706	786	R		Earthquakes felt from 19 Jan 1705 until 20 Jul 1706.
20 Jul 1706	28 Jul 1707	373	A
29 Jul 1707	22 Aug 1707	24	FE (1707) effusive explosive	3	On 28 Jul, a lava flow from the SW flank of Gran Cono toward Resina onto the one of 1694. Great damage by tephra falls at Bosco, Torre Annunziata, Ottaviano, Nocera. On 29 Jul volcanic cloud lasting 1 hour. On the 30th, explosive activity with scoria ejection. On 2 Aug, ashes on Naples. Great damage by ash falls and lahars at Lettere, Sarno, Nocera, Cava, S. Severino, Nola, Benevento. (Sorrentino)
23 Aug 1707	4 Feb 1712	1626	R		On 14 Aug 1708 at 0900, Sorrentino reports "a small explosion with ash for 15 minutes".
5 Feb 1712	10 Jun 1712	126	IE effusive	1	Activity and emission of lava from 5 Feb. Since 21 Mar, intracrateric lava which outflows on 26 and 29 Apr, on 12 May, lava toward Torre del Greco until June.
11 Jun 1712	24 Oct 1712	135	R
25 Oct 1712	8 Nov 1712	14	IE effusive	1	Activity on 25 Oct. On the 29th, lava flows toward Fosso Bianco. New flows on 8 Nov. (Sorrentino)
9 Nov 1712	11 Apr 1713	153	R
12 Apr 1713	25 May 1713	43	IE effusive explosive	1-2	Since 12 Apr, new lava; it overflows from the crater on 9 May toward Fosso dei Cervi, Torre del Greco; from 17 until 20 May, explosive activity, and lava flows toward Ottaviano, Torre del Greco, Resina. (Sorrentino)
26 May 1713	5 Jan 1714	224	R
6 Jan 1714	20 Jan 1714	14	IE explosive	1	On 6 Jan, smokes and explosions until 8-9 Oct. On the 11th, lava fountains. Since the 15th, ash fall for several days.
21 Jan 1714	14 Jun 1714	144	R
15 Jun 1714	30 Jun 1714	15	IE effusive explosive	2	Since 15 Jun, explosive activity until the 21st. At 1600 on 21 Jun, lava fountain and volcanic cloud, several miles high. Lava flow toward Bosco and T. Annunziata. On the 23rd, explosive activity and new lava flow. On the 24th, ash and lava.
1 Jul 1714	5 Jun 1717	1070	A		Intense activity on 25 Jun 1715. Explosions during Mar and Apr 1716
6 Jun 1717	18 Jun 1717	12	IE effusive explosive	2-3	On 6 Jun 1717, fractures on the S ed E flanks of the cone with lava flows toward Boscotrecase, T. Annunziata and Torre del Greco. One flow reaches the E side of Camaldoli della Torre. On 10-11 Jun, volcanic cloud. On 13 Jun, lava flow toward Torre del Greco.
19 Jun 1717	21 Dec 1717	185	A
22 Dec 1717	26 Dec 1717	4	IE effusive	1	New flow onto the flow of 13 Jun 1717.
26 Dec 1717	2 Sep 1718	250	A
3 Sep 1718	9 Jul 1719	309	IE effusive	2	On 16 Sep, lava flow to the N side of the cone which branches into two flows toward Resina and Bosco. Since 17 Sep, lava toward Mauro. Intermittent lava emission until July of the following year (Sorrentino).
10 Jul 1719	6 May 1720	301	A		Smoking (Sorrentino)
7 May 1720	27 May 1720	20	IE explosive	1	On 7 May 1720, strong explosive activity with ash towards Ottaviano. On 24 and 25 May, ash cloud.
28 May 1720	30 Apr 1721	337	A
1 May 1721	7 Jun 1721	37	IE effusive		On 1 May, lava flow toward Torre del Greco (same path as June 1717), again on 5, 6 and 7 Jun
8-6-1721	19-4-1723	680	A
20-4-1723	8-7-1723	79	FE (1723) effusive explosive	3	Since 28 Mar 1723, earthquakes.On 18 Mar, variation of water table at Torre del Greco. On 29 Mar, seismic activity; from 20 Apr until 25 Jun, explosive activity. On 26 Jun, lava outflow to the N. At 1300 on 26 Jun, two vents with explosive activity. At 1900 , increase of lava flows into Vallone di Ottaviano. Explosions on 26 and 27 Jun. On the 29th at 1000, scoria ejection to Macchioni, lava toward Mauro. 30 Jun and 1 Jul, explosive activity and 2 lava flows toward Ottaviano and Viulo. On 30 Jun, strong seismic activity. 2-4 Jul, explosive activity with very high column (Mecatti). On 4 Jul at 1500, paroxysm. Damage at Ottaviano, Nola, Palma, Sarno, Gragnano, Castellammare, Nocera, Cava, S. Severino, Salerno, Vallo.
9 Jul 1723	3 Sep 1724	422	R
4 Sep 1724	29 Sep 1724	25	IE effusive explosive	2	4-7 Sep, ash explosions, then the first lava flow; on 11 Sep, black smoke (up to 2000 steps) . On 17 Sep, lava flow; on the 18th, strong explosive and effusive activity.
30 Sep 1724	9 Jan 1725	101	A
10 Jan 1725	15 Aug 1728	1313	IE effusive explosive	2	Activity since 10 Jan 1725; on 16 Jan, outflow to the N and then toward Colle del Salvatore until 20 Jan. Explosions on 24 Jan. On 20 May, new lava flow lasting until 7 Sep. On 13 and 19 Sep, intermittent effusions lasting till the following year. Intensifications on 17 Apr 1726, lava toward Salvatore and Fosso Bianco on 22 Arp 1727; on the 23rd, volcanic cloud, explosive activity until 27 Apr; increase in Jul; decrease in Aug 1726, and increase on 19 Aug; smoke until 13 Dec; on 16 and 17 Jan 1727, explosions; on 26 May 1728, new lava; 3 Jun 1727, fire and water; a lava flow in Jul 1728; 1, 2 and 3 Sep 1728, explosions; ash on 14 and 15 Sep
16 Sep 1728	26 Feb 1730	528	A		smoke
27 Feb 1730	1 Apr 1730	33	FE (1730) effusive-explosive	2-3	On 27 Feb 1730, activity at the crater (Sorrentino); on the 27th, intracrateric flow (Stoppani); on 2 Mar, explosions until the 17th, when the first lava flow begins and lasts until 23 Mar; on 24 and 25 Mar, strong explosions; on 25 Mar, crater collapse and lava with explosive ejecta all over the Vesuvian district.
2 Apr 1730	24 Dec 1732	997	R or A		smoke
25 Dec 1732	10 Jan 1734	381	IE effusive	2	Fire on 25 Dec 1732; explosive activity on 1 Jan 1733. On 8 Jan, lava flow toward Ottaviano and T. del Greco. Lava outflow from the crater from 27 Apr to 5 May; again on 10 Jul, 27 Aug, 4 Nov, 27 Dec 1733 and from 1 to 10 Jan 1734
11 Jan 1734	30 Jun 1735	535	A
1 Jul 1735	30 Jul 1735	29	IE effusive	1	In July 1735, lava flow toward Il Mauro (uncertain duration)
1 Aug 1735	13 May 1737	651	A
14 May 1737	4 Jun 1737	21	FE (1737) effusive-explosive volume =10 x 10^6 m^3	3+	14-15 May, smoke and fires. During the night of 15-16 May, lava flow toward E (Bosco) on 17-19 May, increasing smoke. On 20 May at 1300, scoria ejection and white smoke, at 1900, explosion and fracture on the SW flank of the mountain with lava toward Resina and from central vent to Bosco. On the 21st at 0400, strong explosions; at 0500 lava to E and W toward Resina, Fosso Bianco and then to Torre del Greco. On 23 May, explosions. On the 24th, one explosion then smoke. Damage in Ottaviano, Nola and complete destruction of Torre del Greco by the lava flow. Gran Cono lowered by 72 m (Serao)
5 Jun 1737	30 Oct 1744	2704	R		Uncertain dates
1 Nov 1744	24 Oct 1751	2548	A		Strong activity in Nov 1744; in 1745, active conelet; during 1749, the crater is filled. During Oct 1750, strombolian activity from three vents. In 1751, one conelet. On 19 Oct 1751, Della Torre reports strong vapor emission.
25 Oct 1751	25 Feb 1752	123	IE effusive explosive	2	On 25 Oct 1751, at 0400, fracture on the SE flank of the cone toward Bosco. Lava toward Boscotrecase and then to il Mauro. New vents on 2 Nov. On 2 Dec, ash. On 5 Jan 1752 new lava that stops on 25 Feb 1752. Activity within the crater after the eruption. (Baratta, Mecatti, Della Torre)
26 Feb 1752	1 Dec 1754	1009	A		In Feb 1752, the crater is 255 feet deep. On 21 Mar 1752, there are 3 vents and in May, only two. During 1753, Strombolian activity until Jan 1754 . In mid-Oct 1754, one conelet that breakes up and emits an intracrateric lava flow which lasts until 6 Nov. (Baratta)
2 Dec 1754	15 Mar 1755	103	IE effusive explosive	2	On 2 Dec 1754, fracture of the cone toward Boscotrecase and toward Ottaviano. Lava flow onto the one of 1751, another one toward Bosco. Several vents active until 22 Jan 1755. Increase of activity on 10-12 Dec. On 14, 16 and 24 Dec 1754, and 5 Jan 1755; on 19 Jan 1755, explosive activity; on the 20th and 21st, strong explosive activity with ejection of two feet sized bombs up to three miles high. On 25 Jan, new lava in the Atrio. On 31 Jan, two vents on the cone (NE side) and a lava flow toward Ottaviano. On 28 Feb, collapse of the conelet and, on 15 Mar, a small lava flow.
16 Mar 1755	27 Mar 1759	1472	A		10 Apr 1755, explosive activity, minor from 22 May 1755 to early 1756 with Strombolian activity inside the crater. On 9 Aug 1756, intracrateric lava. Outflow on 12 Aug to SW, toward T. del Greco. Two flows on 13 Aug toward Portici, onto the flows of 1737. Again on 30 Sep, lava toward T. del Greco. New flows on 20 Oct and from 8 Nov until the end of the year. During 1757, outflows on 20 Jan, 9 Feb, 28 Mar, 23 and 28 Apr and 29 Apr until 14 May, 21 and 29 May; 23 and 25 Jun; 1 and 22 Jul, 16 Oct; 8 and 12 Dec. During 1758, similar activity. On 20 Jan 1759, lava flow to Fosso Vetrana (Baratta)
29 Mar 1759	31 Mar 1759	2	IE effusive, explosive		On 28 Mar, light explosive activity, and one earthquake; at midnight on the 29th, collapse of the conelet (formed in 1744); on the 30th, lava outflow toward Torre del Greco (rapid) and toward Romitorio and Ottaviano; the flow stops after 4 miles. Explosive activity ends on the 31st. Total damages for 28000 ducati (110,500 according to Siniscalchi)
1 Apr 1759	12 May 1759	41	A		Fumarolic activity
13 May 1759	20 May 1759	7	IE effusive	1	Opening of a fracture on the flank toward Boscotrecase; lava for seven days. (Mecatti, Baratta)
21 May 1759	5 Nov 1759	168	A		Strombolian activity during Jun 1759.
6 Nov 1759	30 Mar 1760	145	IE effusive	1	Since 6 Nov 1759 until Mar 1760, increasing activity. Abundant lava on the S flank with extensive damage (De Bottis).
31 Mar 1760	22 Dec 1760	266	A		Intracrateral lava during Mar 1760; during Aug and Sep, smoke; from mid-Nov until Dec, Strombolian activity; rumblings on 12 Dec . From 20 to 23 Dec, earthquakes (Baratta)
23 Dec 1760	6 Jan 1761	14	FE (1760) explosive-effusive Lateral volume = 9.8 x 10^6 m^3 (lava)	3	On 23 Dec at 1700, felt earthquakes. At 1930, strong earthquake and tremor, fracture 1 mile N of Boscotrecase. Formation of 2 conelets 1,5 miles from the royal road, smoke, ash and scoriae, then lava toward Torre Annunziata that flows 1/2 mile in 12 hours. At 2015, another earthquake and a third conelet; at the crater, ashes, lapilli and smoke. In total there were at least seven main conelets (probably they were 15) with volumes: A = 0.6 x 10^6 m^3; B = small; C = 0.155 x 10^6 m^3, D = small; E = small; F=0.036 x 10^6 m^3; G=0.149 x 10^6 m^3; at 2330, flow from G, at 0000 from A; lava flow until 1 Jan 1761; on 2 Jan, earthquakes and collapse of buildings; on the 3rd, explosive activity at the crater and strong earthquakes. On 3 and 4 Jan, explosive activity; on the 5th, collapse of a portion of the crater. On 6 Jan, end of activity. Minor activity on 17 and 18 Feb with smoke from conelet A; Conelet F smokes until 1779. Damages for the ashes at Nola, Sarno, Nocera. Damages for 300000 scudi (De Bottis) or (1,257,000 lire Siniscalchi)
7 Jan 1761	30 Jun 1764	1270	R		Uncertain date of the end.
1 Jul 1764	27 Mar 1766	634	A		Since 1764, smoke. Since early 1766, strombolian activity and growth of the cone.
28 Mar 1766	15 Dec 1766	262	IE effusive-explosive	1	On 28 Mar 1766, outflow of lava toward Resina. On 10 Apr, fracture on the SE and SW flanks and new outflow toward Ottaviano and T. Annunziata, lasting until the end of Nov. Beginning in Jun 1766, explosive activity with ejections to 300-400 m.
16 Dec 1766	18 Oct 1767	306	A		Since Mar 1767, growth of a single conelet with small explosions. On 7 Aug, intracrateric lava with outflow on the 12th.
19 Oct 1767	27 Oct 1767	8	FE (1767) effusive-explosive volume = 11 x 10^6 m^3 lava; 1,4 x 10^6 m^3 pyrocl.	3	Lava fills the crater and overflows on 12 Aug, explosive activity; on 19 Oct, strong explosions and fracture between N and NW near the top of the cone, smoke and, at 1530, fluid lava to Canteroni and Fosso Grande; at 1830, ash, smoke and lava toward Resina, Portici, S.Giorgio. At 2200, the lava is at il Salvatore. At 1500 on 20 Oct, new feeding and explosive activity with ejecta up to 700 m; collapse of the conelet and explosions; at 2000 on the 20th, new lava; from 0200 to 0600 on the 21st, tremor and ash fall until dawn. On the 22nd, violent explosions, at 1230 eruptive cloud with lightnings; on 26 Oct, new lava flow toward S. Giorgio
28 Oct 1767	14 Feb 1770	840	R
15 Feb 1770	30 Apr 1770	74	IE effusive-explosive	2	Explosive activity since 15 Feb 1770 with tremor and decrease of the level of the water table at La Volla and Torre del Greco.In March, strong strombolian activity. On 14 Mar at 2200, violent explosions with ashes, scoriae and earthquakes. At 0200 on 16 Mar, violent earthquakes, ejections from the crater. At 1500, fracture on the E flank of Gran Cono with ejecta and a lava flow into Canale dell'Arena, toward il Mauro and Boscoreale. On 17 Mar, the first flow comes to an halt. On the 18th, another flow on top of the previous, stopping after two days. Since that day, until the end of Apr, several lava flows into Vallone dell'Arena. (De Bottis)
1 May 1770	30 Apr 1771	364	R (?)		No information.
1 May 1771	30 May 1771	29	IE effusive explosive	2	At 1600 on 1 May, lava from a fracture of the cone to Vallone dell'Arena for 8 days. On 9 May at 2400, new lava which branches, on the 12th, toward Portici and Torre del Greco. Strombolian activity at the cone. Lava until the end of May, also toward il Mauro. Since 15 May, ash until Nov causing damage to cultivated land.
1 Jun 1771	28 Dec 1773	941	A		Strombolian activity and emission of ash and scoriae until Apr 1776. (De Bottis)
29 Dec 1773	1 Feb 1774	34	IE effusive	1	A lava flow from the NE side of the crater to Canale dell'Arena flows until 16 Jan 1774. On 16 Jan, a new vent with another flow to the North until Feb 1774.
2 Feb 1774	3 Aug 1774	182	A		Strombolian activity (De Bottis)
4 Aug 1774	1 Dec 1774	119	IE effusive	1	The lava flows cover the fracture of 1767 and 1771 and enter Canale dell'Arena until Dec. (De Bottis)
2 Dec 1774	19 Dec 1775	382	A		Strombolian activity and smoke (De Bottis)
20 Dec 1775	3 Apr 1776	105	IE effusive volume =48,7 x 10^6 m^3 lava 1770 to 1776	1-2	Outflow at SE toward Ottaviano until 2 Jan 1776. On 3 Jan 1776, new fast flow (1.5 mile in 14 minutes) toward Fosso della Vetrana. On 4 Jan, new fracture to the NW of the Cone with smoke and lava toward i Canteroni. It stops on 12 Jan 1776. Lava again from 15 Jan to 16 Mar. On 15 Mar, collapse of part of the crater with a new fracture to N-NW with lava emission until 3 Apr. (De Bottis)
4 Apr 1776	28 Jul 1779	1210	A		Collapse of the conelet at the beginning of May 1776.
29 Jul 1779	13 Aug 1779	15	FE (1779) effusive-explosive volume =3.5 x 10^6 m^3 lava 6.1 x 10^6 m^3 pyroclasts	3-4	Lava flow since May 1779, from a fracture to N-NE. Strombolian activity until 29 Jul. On this day, lava into Canale dell'Arena and, on 2 Aug, into Canteroni. On the same day, new flow into Atrio. On 3 Aug, at 1930, strong rumblings with tremor. Cloud of reddish colour with ash and sands onto Ottaviano. Fracture on the north side of the crater with lava to Piano delle Ginestre.In the night, two small lava fountains at the crater. On 5 Aug at 1800, collapse of the conelet into a fracture toward Ottaviano and Somma. Eruptive ash-cloud, sands and scoriae onto Ottaviano, S.Giuseppe and Terzigno. Lava flows toward Ottaviano and Fosso della Vetrana. On 7 Aug, strong earthquake with cloud and lightnings; at 2400 lava fountains until 0445 of the 8th. The lava again flows into Vallone di Ottaviano. New lava fountain at 2000 on the 8th. Ejection up to 2000 m. Scoriae onto Portici and T. del Greco. Earthquakes felt at Somma, T.del Greco, Resina and Portici. At 0130 on 9 Aug, hot scoriae with pseudo-flows. Fall of products onto Ottaviano, Cacciabella, Nocera, Palma, Lauro, Nola, Avellino, Monteforte, Montevergine as far as Puglia. Extensive damages as far as 26 miles and a few casualties. At 0900 on the 9th, new cloud. On the 10th, rain and lahars in the northern part of the volcano. On 11 Aug, strong earthquakes with explosions. At 2330, lahar in S. Giuseppe. Ash fall until 15-8. Damages at Ottaviano (126000 ducati), Somma (50000), Cacciabella (2277), Albertini (4434), Palma (20000), Santopaolo (2248), Nola (20650), Avella (11920). Serious damage at Lauro, Mugnano, Monteforte, Montevergine, around Benevento, Avellino, Ariano, Foggia, Lucera, Manfredonia. Ashes as far as Albania.
14 Aug 1779	17 Sep 1783	1495	R		Earthquake felt in the vesuvian district as far as Sorrento on 2 Oct 1779, with smoke at the crater; on 4 Oct, ash mixed with rain; on 1 Nov, abundant smoke; on 13 Dec 1779, another earthquake; no activity between 1780-1782 (De Bottis)
18 Aug 1783	31 Oct 1785	805	A		Mild explosion on 18 Aug 1783; increase of activity on September with a new conelet (Alfano and Friedlander)
1 Jul 1785	30 Nov 1787	882	IE effusive mildly explosive	1	Since 2 Oct, there is a mild strombolian activity. Increase since 31 Oct to 6 Nov 1786; On 21 Aug 1787, lava is witnessed into Canale dell'Arena, forming a fall in Fosso della Vetrana into Fosso del Faraone and, on 21 Aug, it was at 1 mile from Massa; in Oct, this flow destroyed Romitorio dei Padri Basiliani.
1 Dec 1787	31 Jul 1788	243	A		Activity in the first seven months of the year (Baratta and Alfano and Friedlander)
1 Aug 1788	15 Aug 1788	14	IE effusive mildly explosive	1	White smoke at the end of Jul 1788; in Aug: 60 smokers on a fracture of the crater 1.5 miles from the top; then lava, two miles long, from the fracture; Strombolian activity from 6 to 15 Sep
16 Sep 1788	4 Sep 1790	718	A		On 5 Sep 1789, there is a report of an explosion from 5 vents with extensive damages (Baratta)
5 Sep 1790	16 Nov 1790	72	IE effusive explosive		Intense activity since May 1790. Collapse of the conelet in Sep . On 5 Sep, lava outflows toward il Mauro until the 17th. On 23 Sep, black smoke, ash fall, scoriae and lava flow, repeated on the 24th. On the 25th, explosions. Two flows toward W and S. On the 27th, the lava stops at i Canteroni. Another branch into fosso Cocozzelli and fosso di Ottaviano. Other flows on 1 and 3 Oct. On 9 Oct, ash until the following day. Explosions on 11, 12, 14 (violent),16, 17 and 19 Oct. On the 20th, new lava flow . On 24 and 25 Oct, explosions until 16 Nov.
17 Nov 1790	15 Jun 1794	1306	A		Strombolian activity during 1792-1794 (Baratta)
16 Jun 1794	5 Jul 1794	19	FE (1794) effusive-explosive; Lateral volume = 23.5 x 10^6 m^3 (lava)	3+	On 12 Jun, earthquake felt all over Campania . At 0200 on the 16th, strong earthquake with an explosion and a fracture in the cone at SW and NE. Emission of smoke at the crater. A lava from the SW fracture invades Torre del Greco, and reaches the sea. The lava flow from the other fracture toward T.Annunziata and il Mauro. Fall of ashes at Resina and Torre del Greco (1 inch), at Ottaviano (3 palms=75 cm). Roofs collapses in Somma, Ottaviano and S.Anastasia. On 17 Jun, increase of ash emission and collapse of the cone. Explosions until the 18th. On the 20th, strong earthquake and another collapse of Gran Cono. Lahars from 20 Jun until 6 Jul in Ottaviano, Somma, Bosco, Terzigno and T. Annunziata. 60 killed in Torre del Greco. Ash emission until 5 Jul and lahars in the following days. Damages for 1.094.000 lire. Crops destroyed for two years. S. Giuseppe, Ottaviano and Somma completely destroyed. Total casualties: about 400. The crater, after the eruption, had a circumference of 2200 m and a depth of 150 m; the summit lost 121 m in height (Breislak and Winspeare)
6 Jul 1794	14 Jan 1796	557	R		Landslides in October 1795
15 Jan 1796	11 Aug 1804	3130	A		Activity during Jan 1796 with increments in 1799 and Sep 1802; on 2 Nov 1803, the crater is 130 m deep with three conelets (Duca Della Torre)
12 Aug 1804	28 Nov 1804	108	IE effusive explosive	2	On 22 May 1804, two earthquakes and smoke. On 31 Jul, decrease of the level of the water table in Resina and Torre del Greco; retreat of the sea between Torre del Greco e T. Annunziata. On 11 Aug, earthquakes felt in Resina and emission of ash, scoriae and lapilli. Since 15 Aug, a lava flow toward i Camaldoli which stops on 30 Sep. On 2 Sep, the lava flow is at i Monticelli. On the 16th, the lava stops at 0.3 mile from the royal road. A new lava flow, on 22 Nov at 0430, toward T.del Greco (Stoppa). Damage for 60000 ducati.
29 Nov 1804	11 Aug 1805	255	A		Smoke until 13 Feb 1805 . On this day there is a lava outflow (Stoppa).
12 Aug 1805	19 Oct 1805	68	IE effusive explosive	2-3	On 12 Aug at 0200, explosion with lava fountains 300 palms high. Fast lava flow that makes 4 miles in 1/2 hour. At the middle of the path, it branches into 5 flows: two toward Camaldoli; one toward T. del Greco and two toward the royal road. One flow into the sea at 0945 on 13 Aug. The flows come to an halt in the evening of the 13th. From 17 until 19 Aug, a flow toward Boscotrecase. A new feeding of the flows on the 24th. On 26 and 27 Aug, explosions; on the 28th, eruptive cloud and a lava flow. On 5 Sep, new flow toward Torre del Greco. On 12 Oct, an earthquake, very high lava fountains and a fast lava flow reaches the houses of T. del Greco. On the 16th, a new flow follows the same path; it arrives to 1/2 mile from Purgatorio Church on the 17th.
20 Oct 1805	30 May 1806	222	A		On 27 Jan 1806 scoria ejection. No other activity until 1 May 1806.
31 May 1806	9 Jun 1806	9	IE effusive explosive	2	Earthquake on 31 May, explosion and lava fountain at 0230. Strong explosion at 1515. On 1 Jun, at 0400, lava flows to SW and W; one toward Camaldoli travels 3.5 miles in one hour. Another flow reaches the sea near Torre del Greco. Eruptive cloud during the evening. New lava flow, 7 miles long, on 2 Jun. On the 3rd, explosive activity . Activity continues until 9 Jun. Damage in Ottaviano and Torre del Greco. Ash as far as Benevento.
10 Jun 1806	3 Sep 1809	1181	A
4 Sep 1809	5 Sep 1809	1	IE effusive	1	On 4 Sep 1809, fracture on the SE flank of the crater and lava flow into Atrio del Cavallo. (Phillips)
6 Sep 1809	10 Sep 1810	369	A
11 Sep 1810	22 Sep 1810	11	IE effusive explosive	1	Lava flow toward Resina, since 13 Sep, toward Boscotrecase and Resina. Between 11 and 22 Sep, explosive activity
23 Sep 1810	31 Dec 1811	464	A		Strombolian activity on 20 Dec 1811 .
1 Jan 1812	28 Feb 1812	58	IE effusive	1	Fracture on the SE side of the cone and several flows toward Torre del Greco
1 Mar 1812	8 Oct 1813	586	A		Persistent activity during 1812 and 1813. Strong explosive activity on 8-9 Aug 1813 (Baratta)
9 Oct 1813	28 Oct 1813	19	IE effusive	1	9 Oct, intracrateric lavas. On 28 Oct, small lava flow toward il Viulo (Pilla and Phillips).
29 Oct 1813	28 Feb 1814	122	IE effusive explosive	2	At 1000 on 25 Dec, tremors and rumblings. At 1400, explosion with eruptive cloud and lava toward Fosso Bianco; another flow toward Viulo; explosive activity and lava flows in Jan and Feb 1814.
1 Mar 1814	21 Dec 1817	1391	A		Strong activity on 14 May 1816 with Strombolian activity and intracrateric lava. (Baratta).
22 Dec 1817	26 Dec 1817	4	IE effusive	1	On 22 Dec, fracture on the NE flank of the cone, lavas toward il Mauro and, at the SW, toward T. del Greco
27 Dec 1817	30 Nov 1819	703	A		Strombolian activity since Oct 1818. On Feb 1819, lava on E flank of Gran Cono.
1 Dec 1819	31 May 1820	182	IE effusive	1-2	Since beginning of Dec 1819, lava from 6 vents on the NW side of the crater (Coutrel vent). During Jan 1820, new fracture to W and lava toward il Salvatore. Increase during Mar, Apr and May 1820.
1 Jun 1820	14 Jan 1822	592	A		Activity, on 7 Oct 1821, from two vents; intermittently in Nov and Dec. On 7 Jan 1822, collapse of the Coutrel vent (Monticelli e Covelli).
15 Jan 1822	28 Feb 1822	44	IE effusive	2	On 15 Jan, opening of two vents. On 11 Feb, emission of scoriae, pumices, and smoke, earthquakes. On 22 Feb, an explosion and a lava flow
28 Feb 1822	20 Oct 1822	234	A		Explosions and rumblings until Sep, when there is the opening of a new vent
21 Oct 1822	16 Nov 1822	26	FE (1822) effusive explosive	3-4	During October, lavas from the September vent. On 20 and 21 Oct, small earthquakes; on the 22nd at 0100, fire column on the crater, 2000 feet high; fracture of the cone to the E with a glowing avalanche. Outflow of lava at dawn, toward SW. After the lava emission, ash column toward SE. Decrease during the morning, and increase at 1300, with tremors and a high column, at 1600, strong explosion with emission of lava from E side. During the night, opening of new vents in the crater and on the flank toward i Camaldoli; on 23 Oct at 0100, new explosions with high eruptive column and strong tremor; collapse of part of the crater; 2 eruptive columns: white at W and dark at E . On 24 Oct, ash fall; continuing activity with decreasing intensity until 16 Nov (Monticelli, Covelli )
17 Nov 1822	1 Jul 1824	592	R
2 Jul 1824	20 Sep 1831	2636	A		Strombolian activity on 2 Jul 1824 and slow filling of the crater with lava; major activity during Mar 1827; mild activity in 1828, increase during 1829
14 Aug 1831	23 Dec 1832	497	IE effusive	1-2	Earthquake on 14 Aug and intracrateric lava; outflow on 20 Aug to the SE toward Bosco; again on 20 Sep to S-SE and same during all of 1831; on 20 Nov, toward Torre del Greco; on 25 Dec, toward Resina; outflows also on 27 Jan 1832; 27 Feb 1832 (Boscotrecase and Piano delle Ginestre), 23 Jul (Ottaviano and Eremo), 8 Aug, to W, and from Oct until 15 Nov (Bosco), 16-23 Dec ( Torre del Greco)
24 Dec 1832	24 May 1833	151	A
25 May 1833	15 Jun 1833	21	IE effusive	1-2	Increasing activity on 25 May 1833; on 28 and 29 May, lava flow to Pedamentina, 1.5 mile toward Torre del Greco; on 12 Jun, two lava flows toward Torre del Greco.
16 Jun 1833	26 Nov 1833	163	A		On 13 Aug 1833, two lava flow toward Torre del Greco (Phillips and Baratta)
27 Nov 1833	16 Jan 1834	50	IE effusive	1	On 27 Nov 1833, fracture at the SW base of the conelet and outflow of lava, from the 28th onwards, toward l'Eremo. New outflows on 16, 20 and 21 Dec and in Jan 1834, toward Resina and Torre del Greco. (Baratta)
17 Jan 1834	21 Aug 1834	216	A		Small outflows toward Atrio, Boscoreale and Torre del Greco. Since 7 Jun 1834, lava flow toward T. Annunziata.
22 Aug 1834	2 Sep 1834	11	FE (1834) effusive explosive	3	On 23 Aug, earthquake and collapse of crater; volcanic column; on 24 Aug, 4 vents on E flank of the crater; on 28-29 Aug, a lava flow toward Poggiomarino (Caposecchi); on 28 Aug lahars.
3 Sep 1834	31 Dec 1834	119	R
1 Jan 1835	31 Dec 1838	1460	A		Mild activity since Jan 1835 to 26 Jul 1835; 1 Apr 1835 , esplosions, lava fountains; Phillips reports a lava flow on 6 Mar 1838.
1 Jan 1839	3 Jan 1839	2	FE (1839) effusive explosive	2-3	Outflow on 31 Dec 1838. At dawn of 1 Jan 1839, dark eruption column, lava flow to W . Between 1 and 4 Jan, fracture of the cone to E and W, on 2 Jan high white cloud; then lava to E (Boscotrecase) and W (Canteroni); lava fountains up to 400 m, and black ash on Boscotrecase and Castellammare. After the eruption the crater was funnel-shaped with a diameter of 700 m and a depth of 285 m (Pilla, Baratta)
4 Jan 1839	19 Sep 1841	989	R		Fumarolic activity.
20 Sep 1841	4 Feb 1850	3059	A		Mild explosions. In Feb 1845, the conelet is visible from Naples. In the fall of 1845, the crater of 1839 is entirely filled with lava. Variable Strombolian and effusive activity..
5 Feb 1850	16 Feb 1850	11	FE (1850) effusive explosive	2	The conelet is 70 feet higher than the rim of the crater (Punta Palo, Phillips). Fracture along N side of the cone on 5 Feb 1850; rapid lava flow into Atrio del Cavallo and then to E. On 5 Feb another fracture at the base of the Cone with small lava. On 7 and 9 Feb, increasing volumes of lava flow toward il Mauro and Poggiomarino. On the 9th, dense smoke from the crater with ash-fall on T. Annunziata. Strong explosions. Decrease of activity on 10 Feb; from 12 to 15 Feb, lapilli and, on the 16th at 1230, two strong explosions. The cone collapses into two craters.
17 Feb 1850	13 Dec 1854	1760	R
14 Dec 1854	30 Apr 1855	137	A		Collapse of crater on 14 Dec 1854 , formation of a funnel-shaped pit 80 m deep. Smoke in Apr 1855.
1 May 1855	27 May 1855	26	FE (1855) effusive volume =17 x 10^6 m^3	2-3	Explosion in the night of 30 Apr/1 May; lava in the crater. Opening of vents on the N side of the cone with lava emission and mild strombolian activity . Lava flow into Atrio del Cavallo toward W to Vetrana and Fosso del Faraone. During the night it reaches S. Sebastiano and Massa di Somma. New flows on 6 and 7 May reach S. Sebastiano and Somma. On 8 May, the lava flow arrives at 1/2 mile from Cercola.
28 May 1855	18 Dec 1855	204	R
19 Dec 1855	26 May 1858	889	A		Collapse of the crater on 19 Dec 1855, with smoke and lapilli. During 1856-1857 intracrateric activity. Outflow on Apr 1857; new collapse on 24 Aug and new outflow on Aug1857. On 11 and 20 Oct 1857, explosions, collapse of the cone and lava fountains. (Siniscalco).
27 May 1858	12 Apr 1861	1051	IE effusive volume =120 x 10^6 m^3	2	Vents in the Piano delle Ginestre (circa 11), lava emission from several vents in different periods, until Mar or Apr of 1861. Damage for 2.760.700 lire.
13 Apr 1861	7 Dec 1861	238	A		Strong earthquake on 5 Dec 1861
8 Dec 1861	31 Dec 1861	23	FE (1861) effusive mildly- explosive Lateral	3	At 9 am of 8 Dec increasing seismic activity. At 1600, fracture located 2 km from Torre del Greco opens at 290 m asl. The fracture trends ENE-SSW and extends into the sea. Conelets in the higher part of the fracture with lava flow toward Resina and Torre del Greco. Smoke and mild explosions at the crater. Damage to the buildings of Torre del Greco because of the fracture; inflation of the coast (1 m at Torre del Greco). Earthquake on 11 and 16 Dec. On that day, at 8 am, boiling of the sea 1.5 km off the coast at Torre del Greco. The same phenomenon on 17 Dec at 0900. On 17 Dec, at 1300, eruption column at the crater, also during the night of 23 Dec, ash emission lasts until 31 Dec Collected funds for damages: 352750 Lire.
1 Jan 1862	9 Feb 1864	769	R		Mild activity in Jan, May, and Jun 1862 (Baratta)
10 Feb 1864	14 Nov 1867	1373	A		On 10 Feb 1864, opening of the crater and strombolian activity. Rebuilding of the conelet during 1865 and intracrateric lava during 1866 and 1867 (lava fountains on 12 Nov 1867) and Mar 1868. (Baratta)
15 Nov 1867	31 May 1868	198	IE effusive explosive	1	Since Oct 1867 earthquakes, and from 8 until 12 Nov, continuous tremor. On 12 and 13 Nov, scoria emission. Since 15-11, the lava emission rapidly fills the crater, 120 m deep. Outflows in late Nov and during Dec 1867 and Jan 1868, toward SE into Piano delle Ginestre. On 26 Jan, new outflow until Feb. On 8 and 12 Mar, earthquakes and ash emission up to 1000-1600 feet. On 11 Mar, fracture on SE flank of the crater with lava emission. 11-13 Mar 1868, strong explosive activity and a fracture on the ESE flank of Gran Cono with a lava toward Boscoreale lasting 8 days.
1 Jun 1868	14 Nov 1868	166	A		Strombolian activity with an outflow on 8 Nov (Baratta)
15 Nov 1868	26 Nov 1868	11	FE (1868) effusive explosive volume = 6 Ml m3	2-3	On 15 Nov, fracture on NW flank near the 1855 vents; lava flow into Fosso della Vetrana and Fosso Faraone lasting 8 days. Eruptive column particularly strong on 24 Nov.
27 Nov 1868	30 Nov1870	733	R
1 Dec 1870	12 Jan 1871	42	A
13 Jan 1871	30 Apr 1871	107	IE effusive	1	Lava outflow from N side of the cone, increasing since Mar, and during Apr new lava flows into Fosso della Vetrana near the Osservatorio. (Palmieri)
1 Mar 1871	23 Apr 1872	358	A		In Oct 1871, slight collapse of the crater. On 3-4 Nov 1871, small lava flows. In Mar 1872, fracture on NW side with a few lava in the Atrio, lasting a week.
24 Apr 1872	30 Apr 1872	6	FE (1872) effusive-explosive volume =20 x 10^6 m^3	3	Since 23 Apr, seismic activity. On the evening of 24 Apr, lava flow from the active fracture (NW). At 0330 on the 26th, new fracturing of the Cone (NW) with explosion and lava. Three casualties (some sources say, more than 20) and 10 wounded in a visiting party. Another fracture on the S side of the cone and lava toward Camaldoli. Another lava flow into Fosso della Vetrana and into Fosso del Faraone, again two branches toward Piano delle Novelle and Fosso del Faraone. This lava flow reaches Massa and S. Sebastiano travelling 4-5 km in 10 hours. On 27 and 28 Apr, ash emission with ejection up to 1300 m. (Palmieri)
1 May 1872	17 Dec 1875	1325	R		The crater of 1872 was 250 m deep with a volume of 17 x 10^6 m^3. Landslides during 1874 fill it to a depth of 127 m.
18 Dec 1875	15 Dec 1881	2189	A		Collapse of the crater on 18 Dec 1875 with formation of a new vent in Strombolian activity. During 1878, outflow of lava along a fracture on NW side of the crater. Filling of the crater at the end of 1880. Collapse of the conelet in Dec 1881. (Palmieri)
16 Dec 1881	31 Jan 1884	776	IE effusive	1-2	Outflow from E during 1882 and 1883. On 9 Jan 1884, lava flow on NNW.
1 Feb 1884	1 May 1885	455	A
2 May 1885	1 Jul 1886	425	IE effusive	1	Two fractures toward T. Annunziata and Boscotrecase (NE and SE). A lava flow issuing from SE reaches the base of the cone and lasts all the year with increase on 28 Jul, and 12-14 Sep. From Jan until Jun 1886, similar activity, also on 4-5 Feb and from May until 1 Jul, toward Ottaviano.
2 Jul 1886	15 Apr 1887	287	A		Increase of activity on 27-28 Aug 1886.
16 Apr 1887	19 Apr 1887	3	IE effusive	1	On 16 and 17 Apr, explosions and a lava flow on 18 and 19 Apr toward SE.
20 Apr 1887	30 Apr 1889	741	A		Strombolian activity from Sep1887 until Nov 1888, on 24 Jul, and 11-12 Aug 1888.
1 May 1889	30 Sep 1889	152	IE effusive	1	Collapse of the crater at the beginning of May 1889, crater several hundred meters wide. Lava flow lasting until Sep. (Baratta)
1 Oct 1889	6 Jun 1891	613	A		Mild activity until the end of Oct 1890, with an outflow to SE during May 1891 .
7 Jun 1891	3 Jun 1894	1092	IE effusive volume =36x 10^6 m^3	2	At 1745 on 7 Jun 1891, fracture on NNW side of the cone, and big smoke emission from the vent. New lateral vents on the N flank at 900-1000 m asl. Then other vents down to 830 m along the fracture of 1868. Building of a lava shield. Lava flowing during 1892, and forming a lava tube. On 3 Jun 1894, end of the external flow and filling of the crater, 200 m deep. The lava shield was called Colle Margherita. (Baratta)
4 Jun 1894	2 Jul 1895	393	A		Rupturing of the cone on 24 May 1895, with lava flow into Atrio; At the beginning of Jul 1895, the conelet is 150 m higher than the crater rim (Baratta)
3 Jul 1895	7 Sep 1899	1527	IE effusive volume =50 x 10^6 m^3	2	On 3 Jul 1895 fracturing of the WNW side of the cone with new vent at 1185, 1100, 900 and 750 m asl. Lava flow from the lower vents into Fosso della Vetrana. Lava emission continues during all of the year. Collapse of the conelet on 3-4 Jul 1895. In Nov 1895, the crater is 250 m deep. During Sep 1897, the depth of the crater decreases by 100 m due to landslides. At the beginning of Jul 1898, the crater is 60 m deep. The lava shield formed during this period is called Colle Umberto.
8 Sep 1899	26 Aug 1903	1447	A		Strombolian activity, particularly violent on 9-10 May 1900. Increase of explosivity during 1903. The diameter of the crater is 148 m in Mar 1903, with a depth of 60 m.
27 Aug 1903	30 Sep 1904	400	IE effusive explosive volume =0,5 x 10^6 m^3	2	Since 27 Jul 1903, intracrateric lava . On 22 Aug, collapse of the conelet, lava outflow to the W. On the 26th, fracture on WNW, explosion and lava flow onto Colle Umberto. On the 27th, fracture trending ENE at 800 m asl with lava flow. Collapse by 130 m of the crater with Vulcanian explosions. Lava flows from 14 to 16 Sep, 15-19 Oct and 20 Nov. By Mar 1904, a new lava shield has grown 40 m high. On 21 and 22 Sep 1904, explosions at the crater. Tremor on 23-24 Sep. On the 25th, ash at Boscoreale and on the 26th, collapse of the conelet and explosions. On the 28th, ash as far as Avellino.
1 Oct 1904	2 Feb 1906	489	A		Mild explosive activity in Nov and Dec 1904 and Jan 1905. In May 1905, new vents on the NW side of Gran Cono at 1245 m and 1180 m elevation with lava emission, again in Jan 1906.
3 Feb 1906	3 Apr 1906	59	IE effusive volume =1.8 x 10^6 m^3	1	Explosive activity during Feb 1906; since Mar, lava from vent at 1180 m
4 Apr 1906	22 Apr 1906	18	FE (1906) Effusive-explosive volume =20 x 10^6 m^3 lava	3-4	On 4 Apr at 0530, black smoke and partial collapse of the cone; new vent at 1200 m on S flank of Gran Cono; lava; seismic activity; at 1400, collapse of conelet; explosive activity from Strombolian to Vulcanian; at midnight, vent at 800 m, pouring lava. On 5 Apr, violent explosions and lava emission; on the 6th at 0800, vent at SE at 600 m asl; lava; intense activity at the crater; at midnight, increase of seismicity. 7 Apr, new vent toward E, and lava toward Terzigno; outflow at the central crater; at 1900, explosions with incandesent ejecta up to 1-2 km above crater; at 2100, explosion with fragmentary material; at 2300, new lava emission;on 8 April at 0030, strong explosions and earthquake; at 0230, violent earthquake with explosion and emission of ash, incandescent material and lithics; after 0400, ash column 600 m wide; during the afternoon, column 13 km high, decreasing during the evening; on 9-10 Apr, gas and ash emission (with pisolites) ; 11-12 Apr, grey ash; 13-14 Apr, white ashes; 20-21 Apr, mild activity. Since late Apr, lahars for many months after the eruption. Great damage in Ottaviano and San Giuseppe, and widespread damage all around the volcano; at least 500 people killed. Volume of the new crater: 84 x 10^6 m^3
23 Apr 1906	4 Jul 1913	2629	R		Collapse of the bottom of the crater in Jun 1911, and on 9 May 1913. Since Jul 1913, glow is seen at the crater floor.
5 Jul 1913	26 Nov 1926	4892	A		Since 17 Sep 1916, conelet. Filling of the crater with lava; particularly voluminous during 1917 and through Sep 1919; again in Jul 1920. In 1925, the crater is filled by 3/4
27 Nov 1926	28 Nov 1926	1	IE effusive	1	Outflow on 27 Nov 1926 toward E-NE
29 Nov 1926	30 Jul 1927	243	A		Intracrateric lava flows
1 Aug 1927	2 Aug 1927	1	IE effusive	1	Since 29 Jul, intracrateric lava outflowing, on 1 Aug, to E
3 Aug 1927	10 Aug 1928	373	A
11 Aug 1928	12 Aug 1928	1	IE effusive	1	Outflow
13 Aug 1928	2 Jun 1929	293	A
3-6-1929	8-6-1929	5	IE effusive explosive volume =12 x 10^6 m^3	2-3	Since 27 May, no activity. On 31 May, moderate Strombolian activity until 2 Jun. At 1500 on 2 Jun, frequent earthquakes. On the 3rd, two strong earthquakes with collapse of the conelet and rapid lava emission, outflowing to E. Scoria ejection up to 300 m. From 0000 until 0100 on 4 Jun, strong explosive activity with new lava flow. At 0330, lava fountains 300 m high lasting half an hour. Increase at 0630 with new lava and ejection of scoriae inclined to W. Since 0800, lava flow, outside Somma caldera, toward Terzigno. At 1409, new lava fountain, 400 m high, lasting 26 minutes. Destruction of the conelet, carried away by the lava flow . At 1530, explosions. At 1930,third lava fountain, lasting 39 minutes, 400 m high. Eruptive cloud 3-5 km above the rim. On 5 Jun, between 0030 and 0345 increase of activity and 4th lava fountain at 0430, 500 m high, with eruption column up to 4 km. Lava outflow to the W.
9 Jun 1929	10 Jun 1930	396	A		Rare explosions on 13-26 Jul, 23-24 Sep and 4 Oct. On 2 Nov, a new conelet begins to form.
11 Jul 1930	30 Jul 1930	19	IE effusive	1	Since 11 Jul 1930, lava flow on NE flank of Gran onto the lava of 1929.
1 Aug 1930	1 Oct 1930	61	A
2 Oct 1930	9 Nov 1930	38	IE effusive	1	Outflow to E.
10 Nov 1930	31 May 1933	933	A		Stronger activity during Apr-May 1933.
1 Jun 1933	19 Nov 1934	536	IE effusive	1-2	On 1 Jun, collapse of conelet with outflow to NE
20 Nov 1934	11 Feb 1935	83	A		On 30 Nov 34, intracrateric lava flow.
12 Feb 1935	31 Mar 1935	47	IE effusive	1	Lava ouflow on 12 Feb to E.
1 Apr 1935	8 Jul 1935	98	A
8 Jul 1935	21 Aug 1935	44	IE effusive	1-	Fracturing of the conelet and lava outflow starting on 13 Jul into Valle dell'Inferno.
22 Aug 1935	27 Mar 1936	218	A		Intracrateric lava flow on 8 Nov 1935 and 23 Feb 1936.
28 Mar 1936	24 Sep 1936	180	IE effusive	1	Fracturing of the conelet and lava outflow on 3 Apr. On 28 Apr, new outflow to E into Valle dell'Inferno.
24 Sep 1936	3 Jun 1937	252	A		Sep-Dec 1936, intracrateric lava.
4 Jun 1937	7 Jul 1937	33	IE effusive	0	Lava outflow into Valle dell'Inferno.
8 Jul 1937	7 Aug 1939	760	A		Intracrateric lava since 10 Jan 1938 and from 30 Aug until 9 Jan 1939. On 9 Jan, fracturing of conelet and new lava flow.
8 Aug 1939	9 Aug 1939	1	IE effusive	0	Lava outflow into Valle dell'Inferno.
10 Aug 1939	25 Jun 1940	320	A
26 Jun 1940	31 Jul 1940	35	IE effusive	0	Fracturing of conelet and lava outflow into Atrio del Cavallo, until end of Jul.
1 Aug 1940	21 Oct 1941	446	A		Continuous intracrateric lava during Aug-Oct and until 14 Nov, again from 25 Dec 1940 to 6 Jan 1941.
22 Oct 1941	15 Dec 1942	419	IE effusive	1-2	New intracrateric lava outflowing on 23 Oct 1941. On the 26th, the lava flow has travelled 1,5 km from the crater rim. 1 Nov, collapse of conelet and new outflow to S, SSE and ESE. On 10 Jan 1942, the lava flow is at 900 m asl forming two small shields on the southern side; at the beginning of Jul, the lava front is at 600 m asl.
16 Dec 1942	5 Jan 1944	385	A
6 Jan 1944	23 Feb 1944	48	IE effusive	0	On 6 Jan 1944, fracturing of the conelet and lava overflowing onto W flank.
24 Feb 1944	17 Mar 1944	22	A		Mild activity
18 Mar 1944	4 Apr 1944	17	FE (1944) effusive explosive volume = 10 x 10^6 m^3 lava	3	On 13 Mar, collapse of the conelet; 14 Mar, moderate explosive activity; 18 Mar, new collapse of conelet; that day at 1630, lava flow overflows to N ; at 2230, the velocity in the Valle dell'Inferno is about 10 m/h. At 2300, outflow to W. New lava flow to SW at 1100 on the 19th. Northern flow into Fosso della Vetrana. New flow into Fosso della Vetrana. On the 21st at 1300-1400: San Sebastiano and Massa are reached (and later partially destroyed) by the lava flow. Velocity of the lava: about 50-100 m/h. 21 Mar at 1700 - Lava fountains: I fountain 1715-1735, II fountain 2010-2030, III fountain 2200-2225; 22 Mar IV fountain 0140-0210, V fountain 0345-0403, VI fountain 0535-0615, VII fountain 0630-0705, VIII fountain, 0731-1750. At 0900 fall of scoriae of 500-1000 gm on Poggiomarino. Since 1000, scoria fall on S. Giuseppe At 1248, the lava fountain turns ashy with a sustained column 6-7 km asl high, small glowing avalanches. At 2000, ash-fall mixed with water on S. Giuseppe. 2100: discrete explosions from two different craters (two eruptive columns). 23 Mar, explosions and ash fall on Torre del Greco; lapilli embedded in ice (S. Giuseppe). Seismic crisis between 1100 and 1200. At 1400, red lapilli and loose crystals fall on Poggiomarino. 24 People killed by tephra falls. The new crater has a volume of 25 x 10^6 m^3 and is 300 m deep
5 Apr 1944	1 Jul 1996>	>18885	R